Common methods for metal composition analysis
Date：2025-05-07 10:10:19 Classification
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Metal composition analysis is the process of determining the content and properties of various elements in metal materials. The following are several commonly used methods for metal composition analysis:
1. Chemical analysis
Chemical analysis is a traditional analysis method that determines the composition of metals through chemical reactions. It can be divided into qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
- Qualitative analysis: Determine which elements are present in metal materials.
- Quantitative analysis: Measure the specific content of each element.
Chemical analysis includes the following specific methods:
- Gravimetric analysis: Convert the measured element into a specific compound or single substance and determine its content by weighing.
- Titration analysis: Use a standard solution of known concentration to react with the measured element, and calculate the content of the measured element based on the volume and concentration of the consumed standard solution.
- Gas volumetric method: Measure the volume of the measured gas or the measured element converted into gas form to calculate its content.
2. Spectroscopic analysis
Spectroscopic analysis is a non-destructive analysis method that determines the composition of a material by measuring the light absorption or emission of a material at different wavelengths. This method can obtain accurate and fast composition analysis results.
- Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS): Determine the element content by measuring the intensity of the sample's absorption of light of a specific wavelength.
- Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES): Determine the element content by measuring the intensity of the sample's emission of light of a specific wavelength.
- X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF): Determine the element content by measuring the intensity of the characteristic X-rays emitted by the sample after being irradiated with X-rays.
3. Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry is a mass-charge ratio-based technique that determines the composition of a sample by measuring the mass-charge ratio of different ions in the sample. This method has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high resolution and high accuracy.
- Proton beam induced decay (PIXE): Use a proton beam to irradiate the sample and measure the characteristic X-rays generated to determine the element content.
- Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA): Use an electron beam to irradiate the sample and measure the characteristic X-rays generated to determine the micro-area composition.
- Mass spectrometry microscopy (SIMS): Use an ion beam to irradiate the sample and measure the ions generated to determine the micro-area composition.
4. Surface analysis method
Surface analysis method is a method to determine the properties of metal materials by analyzing the composition and structure of the surface.
- Scanning electron microscope (SEM): observe the surface morphology of the sample and perform elemental composition analysis.
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM): observe the internal structure of the sample and perform elemental composition analysis.
- Atomic force microscope (AFM): measure the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the sample.
5. Other methods
- Spark direct reading spectroscopy: spark excitation of the sample, measure the emission spectrum to determine the element content.
- X-ray diffraction (XRD): measure the X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample to determine the crystal structure and composition.
These methods have their own characteristics, and the appropriate method can be selected for analysis according to specific analysis needs. For example, chemical analysis is suitable for detailed and accurate component analysis, while spectral analysis and mass spectrometry are suitable for rapid and highly sensitive component analysis.
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